Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 132
Then he leapt back to his father’s grave, and he let his horse free into the open field; and he then bowed down to the earth and asked advice of his father, and the old man gave him advice.
Who acts: tale, old man · What happens: leapt back, let, bow down, ask, give · To what, where: horse, advice, tale
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tale, old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 leapt | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 leapt | nsubj |
| 3 | leapt | leapt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | back | back | ADV | _ | 3 leapt | advmod |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 grave | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 father | nmod:poss |
| 7 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 grave | nmod:poss |
| 8 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 7 father | case |
| 9 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 leapt | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 let | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 let | cc |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 let | nsubj |
| 13 | let | let | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 leapt | conj |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 horse | nmod:poss |
| 15 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 let | obj |
| 16 | free | free | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 let | xcomp |
| 17 | into | into | ADP | _ | 20 field | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 field | det |
| 19 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 field | amod |
| 20 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 free | obl |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 bowed | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 bowed | cc |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 bowed | nsubj |
| 24 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 25 bowed | advmod |
| 25 | bowed | bow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 leapt | conj |
| 26 | down | down | ADV | _ | 25 bowed | advmod |
| 27 | to | to | ADP | _ | 29 earth | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 earth | det |
| 29 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 bowed | obl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 asked | cc |
| 31 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 leapt | conj |
| 32 | advice | advice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 asked | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 father | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 father | nmod:poss |
| 35 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 advice | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 gave | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 gave | cc |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 man | det |
| 39 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 man | amod |
| 40 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 gave | nsubj |
| 41 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 leapt | parataxis |
| 42 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 gave | iobj |
| 43 | advice | advice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 gave | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 leapt | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leapt back | past | tale | then | to tale's father's grave | tree rules | |||
| 2 | let | past | tale | tale's horse | free property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme | |||
| 3 | bow down | past | tale | then | to the earth; down property | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to earth=Theme | |||
| 4 | ask speech: ask | past | tale not said here | advice of tale's father | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent advice=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | give | past | the old man | advice | tale | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient advice=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/26/132/