Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 29
One day Elijah and Nicholas were walking through this peasant’s fields, going along and surveying; and the ears were so large, so full, that it warmed one’s heart to look at them!
Who acts: Elijah, ears, ear · What happens: walk, go along, survey, be, warm, look · To what, where: fields, one heart
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elijah, ears, ear), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 day | nummod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 large | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | Elijah | Elijah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 walking | nsubj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 Nicholas | cc |
| 5 | Nicholas | Nicholas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Elijah | conj |
| 6 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 walking | aux |
| 7 | walking | walk | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 day | parataxis |
| 8 | through | through | ADP | _ | 12 fields | case |
| 9 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 10 peasant | det |
| 10 | peasant | peasant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 fields | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 10 peasant | case |
| 12 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 walking | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 going | punct |
| 14 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 walking | conj |
| 15 | along | along | ADV | _ | 14 going | advmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 surveying | cc |
| 17 | surveying | survey | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 going | conj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 large | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 large | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 ears | det |
| 21 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 large | nsubj |
| 22 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 large | cop |
| 23 | so | so | ADV | _ | 24 large | advmod |
| 24 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 full | punct |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 27 full | advmod |
| 27 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 large | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 warmed | punct |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 warmed | mark |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 warmed | nsubj |
| 31 | warmed | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 large | conj |
| 32 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 34 heart | nummod |
| 33 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 32 one | case |
| 34 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 warmed | obj |
| 35 | to | to | PART | _ | 36 look | mark |
| 36 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 warmed | advcl |
| 37 | at | at | ADP | _ | 38 them | case |
| 38 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 look | obl |
| 39 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 24 large | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk | past · progressive | Elijah and Nicholas | this peasant's fields | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through field=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | go along | gerund | Elijah and Nicholas not said here | along property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | survey | gerund | Elijah and Nicholas not said here | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | past | the ears | day | large property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | be | the ears not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | warm | past | ear | one heart | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent heart=Patient | ||||
| 7 | look | to-infinitive | ear not said here | at ELIJAH | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at they=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/26/29/