Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 37
St. Nicholas at once went off to the peasant, and said: “Go and sell the Father by St. Elias’ all your standing corn: not a blade will be left; it will be destroyed by hail.”
Who acts: Nicholas, standing corn, hail · What happens: go off, say, go, sell, not leave, destroy · To what, where: Father, blade · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Nicholas, standing corn, hail), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 Nicholas | nmod:desc |
| 2 | Nicholas | Nicholas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 went | nsubj |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 once | case |
| 4 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 5 went | obl |
| 5 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | off | off | ADP | _ | 5 went | compound:prt |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 peasant | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 peasant | det |
| 9 | peasant | peasant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 went | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 said | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 said | cc |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 went | conj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 Go | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 Go | punct |
| 15 | Go | go | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 12 said | ccomp |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 sell | cc |
| 17 | sell | sell | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 15 Go | conj |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Father | det |
| 19 | Father | Father | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 sell | obj |
| 20 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 St. | case |
| 21 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 sell | obl |
| 22 | Elias | Elias | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 St. | flat |
| 23 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 15 Go | punct |
| 24 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 corn | det:predet |
| 25 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 corn | nmod:poss |
| 26 | standing | standing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 corn | compound |
| 27 | corn | corn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 Go | parataxis |
| 28 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 34 left | punct |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 34 left | advmod |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 blade | det |
| 31 | blade | blade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 left | nsubj:pass |
| 32 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 left | aux |
| 33 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 34 left | aux:pass |
| 34 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 corn | acl:relcl |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 destroyed | punct |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 destroyed | nsubj:pass |
| 37 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 destroyed | aux |
| 38 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 39 destroyed | aux:pass |
| 39 | destroyed | destroy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 went | parataxis |
| 40 | by | by | ADP | _ | 41 hail | case |
| 41 | hail | hail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 destroyed | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 went | punct |
| 43 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go off | past | Nicholas St. | to the peasant | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Nicholas St. not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | go in a quote | infinitive | your standing corn parataxis | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | sell in a quote | infinitive | the Father | by St. | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent father=Theme | ||||
| 5 | not leave in a quote | future · passive | your standing corn not said here | a blade | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 6 | destroy in a quote | future · passive | hail | blade | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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