Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 60
Meanwhile, somehow or other, the peasant’s field righted itself; new shoots sprang up out of the old roots, the rain poured down on them, and nourished the earth; wonderful fresh corn grew up, lofty and thick; not a weed to be seen; and the ears were so full that they bowed down to earth.
Who acts: field, new shoots, wonderful fresh corn, ears, fields · What happens: right, spring up, pour down, nourish, grow up, see · To what, where: loss, old roots, rain, earth, weed
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (field, new shoots, wonderful fresh corn, ears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Meanwhile | meanwhile | ADV | _ | 11 righted | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 somehow | punct |
| 3 | somehow | somehow | ADV | _ | 1 Meanwhile | conj |
| 4 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 5 other | cc |
| 5 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 somehow | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Meanwhile | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 peasant | det |
| 8 | peasant | peasant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 field | nmod:poss |
| 9 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 8 peasant | case |
| 10 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 righted | nsubj |
| 11 | righted | right | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 11 righted | obj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 sprang | punct |
| 14 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 shoots | amod |
| 15 | shoots | shoot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 sprang | nsubj |
| 16 | sprang | spring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 righted | parataxis |
| 17 | up | up | ADP | _ | 16 sprang | compound:prt |
| 18 | out | out | ADP | _ | 22 roots | case |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 roots | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 roots | det |
| 21 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 roots | amod |
| 22 | roots | root | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 sprang | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 rain | punct |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 rain | det |
| 25 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 roots | conj |
| 26 | poured | pour | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 rain | acl |
| 27 | down | down | ADP | _ | 26 poured | compound:prt |
| 28 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 them | case |
| 29 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 poured | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 nourished | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 nourished | cc |
| 32 | nourished | nourish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 sprang | conj |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 earth | det |
| 34 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 nourished | obj |
| 35 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 39 grew | punct |
| 36 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 corn | amod |
| 37 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 corn | amod |
| 38 | corn | corn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 grew | nsubj |
| 39 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 righted | conj |
| 40 | up | up | ADP | _ | 39 grew | compound:prt |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 lofty | punct |
| 42 | lofty | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 grew | xcomp |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 thick | cc |
| 44 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 lofty | conj |
| 45 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 48 weed | punct |
| 46 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 48 weed | advmod |
| 47 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 48 weed | det |
| 48 | weed | weed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 grew | obl |
| 49 | to | to | PART | _ | 51 seen | mark |
| 50 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 51 seen | aux:pass |
| 51 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 48 weed | acl |
| 52 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 58 full | punct |
| 53 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 full | cc |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 ears | det |
| 55 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 58 full | nsubj |
| 56 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 58 full | cop |
| 57 | so | so | ADV | _ | 58 full | advmod |
| 58 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 righted | parataxis |
| 59 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 61 bowed | mark |
| 60 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 61 bowed | nsubj |
| 61 | bowed | bow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 58 full | advcl |
| 62 | down | down | ADV | _ | 61 bowed | advmod |
| 63 | to | to | ADP | _ | 64 earth | case |
| 64 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 bowed | obl |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 righted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | right | past | the peasant's field | loss | meanwhile property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | spring up | past | new shoots | the old roots and the rain | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out root=Location | ||||
| 3 | pour down | participle | the rain not said here | on fields = field | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source | ||||
| 4 | nourish | participle | new shoots not said here | the earth | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earth=Patient | ||||
| 5 | grow up | past | wonderful fresh corn | a weed | lofty property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 6 | see | to-infinitive · passive | wonderful fresh corn not said here | a weed not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V» | ||||
| 7 | is | past | the ears | full property | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | bow down | past | fields = field | to earth; down property | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to earth=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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