Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 74
But one day Elijah the Prophet and St. Nicholas were passing by his courtyard, and Elijah glanced up and said: “Why has he built these new granaries?
Who acts: Elijah, NICHOLAS · What happens: pass, glance up, say, have, build · To what, where: new granaries · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elijah, NICHOLAS), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 passing | cc |
| 2 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 day | nummod |
| 3 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 passing | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | Elijah | Elijah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 passing | nsubj |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Prophet | det |
| 6 | Prophet | Prophet | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Elijah | appos |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 Nicholas | cc |
| 8 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Nicholas | nmod:desc |
| 9 | Nicholas | Nicholas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Elijah | conj |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 passing | aux |
| 11 | passing | pass | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 courtyard | case |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 courtyard | nmod:poss |
| 14 | courtyard | courtyard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 passing | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 glanced | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 glanced | cc |
| 17 | Elijah | Elijah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 glanced | nsubj |
| 18 | glanced | glance | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 passing | conj |
| 19 | up | up | ADP | _ | 18 glanced | compound:prt |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 said | cc |
| 21 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 glanced | conj |
| 22 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 25 has | punct |
| 23 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 has | punct |
| 24 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 25 has | advmod |
| 25 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 said | ccomp |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 built | nsubj |
| 27 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 has | ccomp |
| 28 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 30 granaries | det |
| 29 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 granaries | amod |
| 30 | granaries | granary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 built | obj |
| 31 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 11 passing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | past · progressive | Elijah and Nicholas St. | day | by NICHOLAS's courtyard | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by courtyard=Location | |||
| 2 | glance up | past | Elijah | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | say speech: ask | past | Elijah not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | have in a quote | present | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | build in a quote | past | NICHOLAS | this new granaries | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent granary=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/26/74/