Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 26, sentence 90
Next day Elijah the Prophet and St. Nicholas were out together in the guise of wanderers, and the peasant happened to meet them, carrying two waxen candles—one big one that cost a rouble, and a little one that cost a kopek.
Who acts: Next day, peasant, one big one, little one · What happens: be, happen, meet, carry, cost · To what, where: guise, wanderers, two waxen candles, rouble, kopek
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 26. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Next day, peasant, one big one, little one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 day | amod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 together | nsubj |
| 3 | Elijah | Elijah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 day | appos |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 Prophet | det |
| 5 | Prophet | Prophet | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 together | nsubj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 Nicholas | cc |
| 7 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Nicholas | nmod:desc |
| 8 | Nicholas | Nicholas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Prophet | conj |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 together | cop |
| 10 | out | out | ADV | _ | 11 together | advmod |
| 11 | together | together | ADV | _ | root | root |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 guise | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 guise | det |
| 14 | guise | guise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 together | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 wanderers | case |
| 16 | wanderers | wanderer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 guise | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 happened | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 happened | cc |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 peasant | det |
| 20 | peasant | peasant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 happened | nsubj |
| 21 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 together | parataxis |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 meet | mark |
| 23 | meet | meet | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 happened | xcomp |
| 24 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 meet | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 carrying | punct |
| 26 | carrying | carry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 happened | advcl |
| 27 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 29 candles | nummod |
| 28 | waxen | waxen | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 candles | amod |
| 29 | candles | candle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 carrying | obj |
| 30 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 one | punct |
| 31 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 33 one | nummod |
| 32 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 one | amod |
| 33 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 candles | appos |
| 34 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 cost | nsubj |
| 35 | cost | cost | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 one | acl:relcl |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 rouble | det |
| 37 | rouble | rouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 cost | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 one | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 one | cc |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 one | det |
| 41 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 one | amod |
| 42 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 one | appos |
| 43 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 cost | nsubj |
| 44 | cost | cost | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 42 one | acl:relcl |
| 45 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 46 kopek | det |
| 46 | kopek | kopek | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 cost | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 together | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Next day | the guise of wanderers | the Prophet and Nicholas St. nsubj; out, together property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | happen | past | the peasant | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | meet | to-infinitive | the peasant not said here | wanderers = wanderer | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | carry | gerund | the peasant not said here | two waxen candles | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent candle=Theme | ||||
| 5 | cost | past | one big one | a rouble | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme rouble=Value | ||||
| 6 | cost | past | a little one | a kopek | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme kopek=Value |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/26/90/