Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 27, sentence 125
All of a sudden, Heaven knows where from, who should come but the Yagá-Búra,[39] with an iron mortar, and a pestle in her hand; she leaped up to the apple-tree, and said, “How are you, Fílyushka?
Who acts: sudden Heaven, Heaven · What happens: know, come, leap up, say, be · To what, where: pestle, Yagá Búra, apple tree, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sudden Heaven, Heaven), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | All | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 6 Heaven | det |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Heaven | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 Heaven | det |
| 4 | sudden | sudden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 Heaven | amod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 sudden | punct |
| 6 | Heaven | Heaven | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 knows | nsubj |
| 7 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 13 come | advmod |
| 9 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 13 come | mark |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 come | punct |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 come | nsubj |
| 12 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 13 come | aux |
| 13 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 knows | ccomp |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 18 Búra | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Búra | det |
| 16 | Yagá | Yagá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Búra | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 Yagá | punct |
| 18 | Búra | Búra | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 come | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 39 | punct |
| 20 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 21 39 | punct |
| 21 | 39 | 39 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 Búra | appos |
| 22 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 21 39 | punct |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 mortar | case |
| 24 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 mortar | det |
| 25 | iron | iron | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 mortar | compound |
| 26 | mortar | mortar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 come | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 pestle | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 pestle | cc |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 pestle | det |
| 30 | pestle | pestle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 knows | obl |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 hand | case |
| 32 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 hand | nmod:poss |
| 33 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 pestle | nmod |
| 34 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 leaped | punct |
| 35 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 leaped | nsubj |
| 36 | leaped | leap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 knows | parataxis |
| 37 | up | up | ADP | _ | 36 leaped | compound:prt |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 tree | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 tree | det |
| 40 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 tree | compound |
| 41 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 40 apple | punct |
| 42 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 leaped | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 said | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 said | cc |
| 45 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 leaped | conj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 you | punct |
| 47 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 50 you | punct |
| 48 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 50 you | advmod |
| 49 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 50 you | cop |
| 50 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 45 said | ccomp |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 Fílyushka | punct |
| 52 | Fílyushka | Fílyushka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 you | conj |
| 53 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 knows | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | all sudden Heaven | a pestle in Heaven's hand | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | come | should | the Yagá Búra | with a iron mortar; who nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | leap up | past | Heaven | the apple tree | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to tree=Destination | ||||
| 4 | say speech: ask | past | Heaven not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is a in a quote | present | you | Fílyushka conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/27/125/