Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 27, sentence 138
One was lying on the ground, and heard a noise of somebody shouting.
Who acts: One, somebody · What happens: lie, hear, shout, noise · To what, where: ground, noise
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (One, somebody), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 3 lying | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lying | aux |
| 3 | lying | lie | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 ground | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 ground | det |
| 6 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lying | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 heard | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 heard | cc |
| 9 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lying | conj |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 noise | det |
| 11 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 heard | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 somebody | case |
| 13 | somebody | somebody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 11 noise | nmod |
| 14 | shouting | shout | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 somebody | acl |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lying | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie | past · progressive | One | the ground | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Location | ||||
| 2 | hear | past | One not said here | a noise of somebody | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer noise=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | shout speech: express | gerund | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | noise | somebody | nom noise «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/27/138/