Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 27, sentence 148
Then Yagá threw him down an apple: he stretched out his hand, and she clutched it and leapt over hills, and valleys, and dark forests, so fast that it seemed like a twinkling of an eye, got him into her home, washed him, went out and put him into the bunk.
Who acts: Yagá, maiden, it · What happens: throw down, stretch out, clutch, leapt, seem, get · To what, where: apple, maiden, hand, hills, home, bunk
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Yagá, maiden, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 threw | advmod |
| 2 | Yagá | Yagá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 threw | nsubj |
| 3 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 threw | obj |
| 5 | down | down | ADP | _ | 3 threw | compound:prt |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 apple | det |
| 7 | apple | apple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 threw | obj |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 stretched | punct |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 stretched | nsubj |
| 10 | stretched | stretch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 threw | conj |
| 11 | out | out | ADP | _ | 10 stretched | compound:prt |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 hand | nmod:poss |
| 13 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 stretched | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 clutched | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 clutched | cc |
| 16 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 clutched | nsubj |
| 17 | clutched | clutch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 threw | conj |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 clutched | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 leapt | cc |
| 20 | leapt | leapt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 clutched | conj |
| 21 | over | over | ADP | _ | 22 hills | case |
| 22 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 leapt | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 valleys | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 valleys | cc |
| 25 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 threw | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 forests | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 forests | cc |
| 28 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 forests | amod |
| 29 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 threw | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 seemed | punct |
| 31 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 fast | advmod |
| 32 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 35 seemed | advmod |
| 33 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 35 seemed | mark |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 seemed | nsubj |
| 35 | seemed | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 threw | conj |
| 36 | like | like | ADP | _ | 38 twinkling | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 twinkling | det |
| 38 | twinkling | twinkling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 seemed | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 eye | case |
| 40 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 eye | det |
| 41 | eye | eye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 twinkling | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 got | punct |
| 43 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 threw | conj |
| 44 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 got | obj |
| 45 | into | into | ADP | _ | 47 home | case |
| 46 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 home | nmod:poss |
| 47 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 got | obl |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 washed | punct |
| 49 | washed | wash | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 threw | conj |
| 50 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 49 washed | obj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 52 went | punct |
| 52 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 washed | conj |
| 53 | out | out | ADV | _ | 52 went | advmod |
| 54 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 55 put | cc |
| 55 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 52 went | conj |
| 56 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 55 put | obj |
| 57 | into | into | ADP | _ | 59 bunk | case |
| 58 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 bunk | det |
| 59 | bunk | bunk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 put | obl |
| 60 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 threw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | throw down | past | Yagá | a apple | maiden | then | valleys obl; dark forests obl | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Destination apple=Theme | |
| 2 | stretch out | past | maiden | maiden's hand | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent hand=Patient | ||||
| 3 | clutch | past | Yagá | apple | vn hold-15.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 4 | leapt | infinitive | Yagá not said here | hills | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | seem | past | it | like a twinkling of a eye; fast property | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | get | past | Yagá not said here | maiden | Yagá's home | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | |||
| 7 | wash | past | Yagá not said here | maiden | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | ||||
| 8 | go out | past | Yagá not said here | out property | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 9 | put | infinitive | Yagá not said here | maiden | the bunk | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent he=Goal |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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