Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 27, sentence 20
Now, this maiden had been taken away by the Wood Sprite, and had lived with him for three whole years, and she had been enclosed and cut off, and was almost entirely naked, but she had no shame.
Who acts: Wood Sprite, Russia · What happens: take away, live, enclose, cut off, be, have · To what, where: maiden, Russia, shame
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Wood Sprite, Russia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 7 taken | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
| 3 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 maiden | det |
| 4 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 taken | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 taken | aux:pass |
| 7 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | away | away | ADV | _ | 7 taken | advmod |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 Sprite | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Sprite | det |
| 11 | Wood | Wood | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Sprite | compound |
| 12 | Sprite | sprite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 taken | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 lived | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 lived | cc |
| 15 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 lived | aux |
| 16 | lived | live | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 taken | conj |
| 17 | with | with | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 lived | obl |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 years | case |
| 20 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 years | nummod |
| 21 | whole | whole | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 years | amod |
| 22 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 lived | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 enclosed | punct |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 enclosed | cc |
| 25 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 enclosed | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 enclosed | aux |
| 27 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 enclosed | aux:pass |
| 28 | enclosed | enclose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 lived | advcl |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 cut | cc |
| 30 | cut | cut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 enclosed | conj |
| 31 | off | off | ADP | _ | 30 cut | compound:prt |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 naked | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 naked | cc |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 naked | cop |
| 35 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 36 entirely | advmod |
| 36 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 37 naked | advmod |
| 37 | naked | naked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 enclosed | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 had | punct |
| 39 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 41 had | cc |
| 40 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 had | nsubj |
| 41 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 taken | conj |
| 42 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 43 shame | det |
| 43 | shame | shame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 had | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 taken | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take away | past · perfect · passive | the Wood Sprite | this maiden | now | away property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||
| 2 | live | past · perfect | the Wood Sprite not said here | year | with maiden | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with he=Location | |||
| 3 | enclose | past · perfect · passive | Russia | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme | |||||
| 4 | cut off | participle | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||||
| 5 | is | past | entirely, naked property | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | have | past | Russia | no shame | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shame=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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