Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 27, sentence 9
Then the hunter understood that it was no mere peasant he saw, but the Wood Sprite, and he aimed at him with his gun, _Bang!
Who acts: hunter, Devil · What happens: understand, be, see, aim · To what, where: Wood Sprite, mere peasant · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 27. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hunter, Devil), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 understood | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 hunter | det |
| 3 | hunter | hunter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 understood | nsubj |
| 4 | understood | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 peasant | mark |
| 6 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 peasant | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 peasant | cop |
| 8 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 10 peasant | det |
| 9 | mere | mere | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 peasant | amod |
| 10 | peasant | peasant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 understood | ccomp |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 saw | nsubj |
| 12 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 peasant | acl:relcl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Sprite | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 Sprite | cc |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Sprite | det |
| 16 | Wood | Wood | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Sprite | compound |
| 17 | Sprite | sprite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 understood | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 aimed | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 aimed | cc |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 aimed | nsubj |
| 21 | aimed | aim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 understood | conj |
| 22 | at | at | ADP | _ | 23 him | case |
| 23 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 aimed | obl |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 gun | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 gun | nmod:poss |
| 26 | gun | gun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 aimed | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 Bang | punct |
| 28 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 29 Bang | punct |
| 29 | Bang | Bang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 gun | appos |
| 30 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 4 understood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | understand | past | the hunter | the Wood Sprite | then | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 2 | is a | past | Devil | no mere peasant | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | see | past | hunter | no mere peasant not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer peasant=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | aim | past | hunter | at Peasant; with Peasant's gun | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/27/9/