Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 108
From some source or other a wondrous horse appeared in front of him, and the steed galloped up, and the earth trembled.
Who acts: wondrous horse, steed, earth · What happens: appear, gallop up, tremble · To what, where: source
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wondrous horse, steed, earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | From | from | ADP | _ | 3 source | case |
| 2 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 3 source | det |
| 3 | source | source | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 appeared | obl |
| 4 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 5 other | cc |
| 5 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 source | conj |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 horse | det |
| 7 | wondrous | wondrous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 horse | amod |
| 8 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 appeared | nsubj |
| 9 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 front | case |
| 11 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 appeared | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 him | case |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 front | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 galloped | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 galloped | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 steed | det |
| 17 | steed | steed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 galloped | nsubj |
| 18 | galloped | gallop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 appeared | conj |
| 19 | up | up | ADP | _ | 18 galloped | compound:prt |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 trembled | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 trembled | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 earth | det |
| 23 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 trembled | nsubj |
| 24 | trembled | tremble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 galloped | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 appeared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appear | past | a wondrous horse | some source | in front of Donotknow | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in front=Location | |||
| 2 | gallop up | past | the steed | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | tremble | past | the earth | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/108/