Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 111
So Donotknow sat on his good horse, and the horse asked him, “Where shall I carry you—aloft, under the trees, or over the standing woods?”
Who acts: Donotknow, horse · What happens: sit, ask, carry · To what, where: standing woods, Donotknow, trees · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Donotknow, horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 sat | advmod |
| 2 | Donotknow | Donotknow | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 sat | nsubj |
| 3 | sat | sit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 horse | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 horse | nmod:poss |
| 6 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 horse | amod |
| 7 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sat | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 asked | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 asked | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 horse | det |
| 11 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 asked | nsubj |
| 12 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 sat | conj |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 asked | iobj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 carry | punct |
| 15 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 carry | punct |
| 16 | Where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 19 carry | advmod |
| 17 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 carry | aux |
| 18 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 carry | nsubj |
| 19 | carry | carry | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 asked | ccomp |
| 20 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 carry | obj |
| 21 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 aloft | punct |
| 22 | aloft | aloft | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 carry | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 trees | punct |
| 24 | under | under | ADP | _ | 26 trees | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 trees | det |
| 26 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 asked | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 woods | punct |
| 28 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 32 woods | cc |
| 29 | over | over | ADP | _ | 32 woods | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 woods | det |
| 31 | standing | standing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 woods | compound |
| 32 | woods | wood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 sat | obl |
| 33 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 sat | punct |
| 34 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 sat | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sit | past | Donotknow | the standing woods | on Donotknow's good horse | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on horse=Location | |||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past | the horse | Donotknow | the trees | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent he=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 3 | carry in a quote | shall | the horse = horse | Donotknow | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/111/