Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 114
Then Donotknow leapt upon the enemies, seized a warlike sword from one of them, tore a golden helmet from another of them, and put them on himself; covered his face with the visor, and set to slaying the Arab host.
Who acts: you · What happens: donotknow, seize, tore, put, cover, set · To what, where: leapt, warlike sword, golden helmet, another, enemies, face
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 2 Donotknow | advmod |
| 2 | Donotknow | donotknow | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | leapt | leapt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Donotknow | obj |
| 4 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 6 enemies | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 enemies | det |
| 6 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 Donotknow | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 seized | punct |
| 8 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 Donotknow | advcl |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 sword | det |
| 10 | warlike | warlike | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 sword | amod |
| 11 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 seized | obj |
| 12 | from | from | ADP | _ | 13 one | case |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 seized | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 them | case |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 one | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 tore | punct |
| 17 | tore | tore | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 seized | conj |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 helmet | det |
| 19 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 helmet | amod |
| 20 | helmet | helmet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 tore | obj |
| 21 | from | from | ADP | _ | 22 another | case |
| 22 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 20 helmet | nmod |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 them | case |
| 24 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 another | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 put | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 put | cc |
| 27 | put | put | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 Donotknow | conj |
| 28 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 put | obj |
| 29 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 himself | case |
| 30 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 27 put | obl |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 covered | punct |
| 32 | covered | cover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 Donotknow | advcl |
| 33 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 face | nmod:poss |
| 34 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 covered | obj |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 visor | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 visor | det |
| 37 | visor | visor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 covered | obl |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 set | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 set | cc |
| 40 | set | set | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 2 Donotknow | conj |
| 41 | to | to | SCONJ | _ | 42 slaying | mark |
| 42 | slaying | slay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 40 set | advcl |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 host | det |
| 44 | Arab | Arab | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 host | amod |
| 45 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 slaying | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 Donotknow | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | donotknow | imperative | you not said here | leapt | then | upon the enemies | tree rules | ||
| 2 | seize | past | you not said here | a warlike sword | from one of enemies | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent sword=Theme from one=Source | |||
| 3 | tore | past | you not said here | a golden helmet | another of enemies | tree rules | |||
| 4 | put | infinitive | you not said here | enemies = enemy | on horse | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme on himself=Destination | |||
| 5 | cover | past | you not said here | horse's face | with the visor | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent face=Destination with visor=Theme | |||
| 6 | set | infinitive | you not said here | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 7 | slay | gerund | you not said here | the Arab host | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent host=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/114/