Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 43
In the evening, as he went home, the merchant’s son went into the stable; and once more the foal was standing on tip-toes and in tears; and he struck him on the haunches and said, “Why, my good horse, do you weep?
Who acts: son, foal, you · What happens: go, stand, strike, say, weep · To what, where: stable, tip toes, merchant · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, foal, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 evening | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 evening | det |
| 3 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 went | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 evening | punct |
| 5 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 7 went | mark |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 went | nsubj |
| 7 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | home | home | ADV | _ | 7 went | advmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 went | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 merchant | det |
| 11 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 son | nmod:poss |
| 12 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 11 merchant | case |
| 13 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 went | nsubj |
| 14 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 went | conj |
| 15 | into | into | ADP | _ | 17 stable | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 stable | det |
| 17 | stable | stable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 went | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 25 standing | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 standing | cc |
| 20 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 21 more | advmod |
| 21 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 25 standing | advmod |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 foal | det |
| 23 | foal | foal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 standing | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 standing | aux |
| 25 | standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 went | advcl |
| 26 | on | on | ADP | _ | 29 toes | case |
| 27 | tip | tip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 toes | compound |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 tip | punct |
| 29 | toes | toe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 standing | obl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 tears | cc |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 tears | case |
| 32 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 toes | conj |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 struck | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 struck | cc |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 struck | nsubj |
| 36 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 went | conj |
| 37 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 struck | obj |
| 38 | on | on | ADP | _ | 40 haunches | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 haunches | det |
| 40 | haunches | haunch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 struck | obl |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 said | cc |
| 42 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 struck | conj |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 weep | punct |
| 44 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 53 weep | punct |
| 45 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 53 weep | advmod |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 horse | punct |
| 47 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 horse | nmod:poss |
| 48 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 horse | amod |
| 49 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 Why | appos |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 horse | punct |
| 51 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 53 weep | aux |
| 52 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 53 weep | nsubj |
| 53 | weep | weep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 said | ccomp |
| 54 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 7 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | son | evening | home property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | go | past | the merchant's son | the stable | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into stable=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | stand | past · progressive | the foal | tip toes and tears | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on toe=Location | ||||
| 4 | strike | past | son | merchant | on the haunches | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent he=Instrument on haunch=Patient | |||
| 5 | say speech: ask | past | son not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | weep in a quote | present · do-support | you | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/43/