Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 45
Then the foal answered, “Why should I not weep, my master, Iván the merchant’s son?
Who acts: foal · What happens: answer, not weep · To what, where: master · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (foal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 answered | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 foal | det |
| 3 | foal | foal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 answered | nsubj |
| 4 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 weep | punct |
| 6 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 weep | punct |
| 7 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 weep | advmod |
| 8 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 weep | aux |
| 9 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 11 weep | nsubj |
| 10 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 weep | advmod |
| 11 | weep | weep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 answered | ccomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 master | punct |
| 13 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 master | nmod:poss |
| 14 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 weep | obj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 Iván | punct |
| 16 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 master | appos |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 merchant | det |
| 18 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 son | nmod:poss |
| 19 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 18 merchant | case |
| 20 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 Iván | appos |
| 21 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 answered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | answer speech: ask | past | the foal | then | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not weep in a quote | should | the foal = foal | my master | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent master=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/45/