Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 49
Iván the merchant’s son did as he was bidden and as soon as ever he had thrown the draught out of the window it began to rend the earth; and again he never said a single word to his stepmother; so she still thought that he was in the dark.
Who acts: Iván, draught, stepmother · What happens: do, bid, throw, begin, rend, not say · To what, where: Iván, draught, window, earth, single word, stepmother · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, draught, stepmother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 did | nsubj |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 merchant | det |
| 3 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 son | nmod:poss |
| 4 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 3 merchant | case |
| 5 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Iván | appos |
| 6 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 bidden | mark |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 bidden | nsubj |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 bidden | aux:pass |
| 10 | bidden | bid | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 did | advcl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 thrown | cc |
| 12 | as | as | ADV | _ | 13 soon | advmod |
| 13 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 thrown | advmod |
| 14 | as | as | ADP | _ | 15 ever | case |
| 15 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 13 soon | obl |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 thrown | nsubj |
| 17 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 thrown | aux |
| 18 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 bidden | conj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 draught | det |
| 20 | draught | draught | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 thrown | obj |
| 21 | out | out | ADP | _ | 24 window | case |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 window | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 window | det |
| 24 | window | window | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 thrown | obl |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 began | nsubj |
| 26 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 window | acl:relcl |
| 27 | to | to | PART | _ | 28 rend | mark |
| 28 | rend | rend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 began | xcomp |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 earth | det |
| 30 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 rend | obj |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 36 said | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 said | cc |
| 33 | again | again | ADV | _ | 36 said | advmod |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 said | nsubj |
| 35 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 36 said | advmod |
| 36 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 did | parataxis |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 word | det |
| 38 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 word | amod |
| 39 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 said | obj |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 stepmother | case |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 stepmother | nmod:poss |
| 42 | stepmother | stepmother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 word | nmod |
| 43 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 47 thought | punct |
| 44 | so | so | ADV | _ | 47 thought | advmod |
| 45 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 47 thought | nsubj |
| 46 | still | still | ADV | _ | 47 thought | advmod |
| 47 | thought | think | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 said | conj |
| 48 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 53 dark | mark |
| 49 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 dark | nsubj |
| 50 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 53 dark | cop |
| 51 | in | in | ADP | _ | 53 dark | case |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 dark | det |
| 53 | dark | dark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 thought | ccomp |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 did | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | past | Iván | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | bid | past · passive | Iván | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | throw | past · perfect | Iván | the draught | the window | ever | soon property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent draught=Theme out window=Destination | |
| 4 | begin | past | draught | the window not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | rend | to-infinitive | draught not said here | the earth | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earth=Patient | ||||
| 6 | not say speech: assert | past | Iván | a single word | Iván's stepmother | again | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent word=Topic to stepmother=Recipient | ||
| 7 | think speech: other | past | stepmother | still | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | is | past | Iván | the dark | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/28/49/