Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 72
So the merchant unloaded his wares and went home, and he found his wife lying in the bedclothes groaning, saying, “I can only recover if you will fulfil my dream.”
Who acts: merchant, wife, you, my · What happens: unload, go, find, lie, groan, say · To what, where: wares, wife, bedclothes, dream · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchant, wife, you, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 unloaded | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 merchant | det |
| 3 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 unloaded | nsubj |
| 4 | unloaded | unload | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 wares | nmod:poss |
| 6 | wares | ware | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 unloaded | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 went | cc |
| 8 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 unloaded | conj |
| 9 | home | home | ADV | _ | 8 went | advmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 found | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 found | cc |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 found | nsubj |
| 13 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 unloaded | conj |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 wife | nmod:poss |
| 15 | wife | wife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 found | obj |
| 16 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 wife | acl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 bedclothes | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 bedclothes | det |
| 19 | bedclothes | bedclothe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 lying | obl |
| 20 | groaning | groan | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 found | xcomp |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 saying | punct |
| 22 | saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 groaning | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 recover | punct |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 recover | punct |
| 25 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 recover | nsubj |
| 26 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 recover | aux |
| 27 | only | only | ADV | _ | 28 recover | advmod |
| 28 | recover | recover | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 saying | ccomp |
| 29 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 32 fulfil | mark |
| 30 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 32 fulfil | nsubj |
| 31 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 fulfil | aux |
| 32 | fulfil | fulfil | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 recover | advcl |
| 33 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 dream | nmod:poss |
| 34 | dream | dream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 fulfil | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 unloaded | punct |
| 36 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 unloaded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | unload | past | the merchant | merchant's wares | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent ware=Source | ||||
| 2 | go | past | the merchant not said here | home property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | find | past | merchant | merchant's wife | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent wife=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | lie | gerund | merchant's wife not said here | the bedclothes | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in bedclothe=Location | ||||
| 5 | groan | gerund | merchant's wife not said here | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | gerund | merchant's wife not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | recover in a quote | can | merchant's wife = wife | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 8 | fulfil a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | future | you | my dream | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | dream in a quote | my | nom dream «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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