Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 28, sentence 79
Iván the merchant’s son mounted his horse, leapt into the open field, and went and diverted himself with his friends and companions.
Who acts: Iván son · What happens: mount, leapt, go, divert · To what, where: horse, open field, son
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 28. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 son | compound |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 merchant | det |
| 3 | merchant | merchant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 son | nmod:poss |
| 4 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 3 merchant | case |
| 5 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 mounted | nsubj |
| 6 | mounted | mount | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 horse | nmod:poss |
| 8 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 mounted | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 leapt | punct |
| 10 | leapt | leapt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 mounted | conj |
| 11 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 field | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 field | det |
| 13 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 field | amod |
| 14 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 leapt | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 went | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 went | cc |
| 17 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 mounted | parataxis |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 diverted | cc |
| 19 | diverted | divert | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 went | conj |
| 20 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 19 diverted | obj |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 friends | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 friends | nmod:poss |
| 23 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 diverted | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 companions | cc |
| 25 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 friends | conj |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 mounted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mount | past | the merchant's Iván son | son's horse | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient | ||||
| 2 | leapt | infinitive | the merchant's Iván son not said here | the open field | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | go | past | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | divert | past | son | with son's friends and companions | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus himself=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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