Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 3, sentence 105
The dog went on, until he saw a drove of horses, and he began to scratch the earth with his paws and asked the cat, “Cat, O cat, are my eyes beautiful?”
Who acts: dog, peasant · What happens: go on, see, drive, begin, scratch, ask · To what, where: earth, cat, eyes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dog, peasant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 dog | det |
| 2 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADV | _ | 3 went | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 saw | punct |
| 6 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 8 saw | mark |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 saw | nsubj |
| 8 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 drove | det |
| 10 | drove | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 saw | ccomp |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 horses | case |
| 12 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 drove | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 began | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 began | cc |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 began | nsubj |
| 16 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 scratch | mark |
| 18 | scratch | scratch | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 began | xcomp |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 earth | det |
| 20 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 scratch | obj |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 23 paws | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 paws | nmod:poss |
| 23 | paws | paw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 scratch | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 asked | cc |
| 25 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 cat | det |
| 27 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 asked | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 Cat | punct |
| 29 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 Cat | punct |
| 30 | Cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cat | appos |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 cat | punct |
| 32 | O | o | INTJ | _ | 33 cat | discourse |
| 33 | cat | cat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 asked | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 eyes | punct |
| 35 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 eyes | cop |
| 36 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 37 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 beautiful | nsubj |
| 38 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 went | parataxis |
| 39 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 38 beautiful | punct |
| 40 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go on | past | the dog | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | see | past | peasant | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | drive | past | of horses | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent of horse=Trajectory | |||||
| 4 | begin | past | peasant | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | scratch | to-infinitive | peasant not said here | the earth | with peasant's paws | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earth=Patient with paw=Instrument | |||
| 6 | ask speech: ask | past | the dog not said here | cat | the cat | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent cat=Recipient | |||
| 7 | is a in a quote | present | my eyes | my nmod:poss | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/3/105/