Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 3, sentence 153
“Oh, tell the gipsy,” the Lord said, “that his trade is from whomsoever he take and steal, he, then, shall cheat and perjure himself.”
Who acts: you, Lord, trade, GIPSY · What happens: tell, say, be, take, steal, cheat · To what, where: gipsy, whomsoever · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Lord, trade, GIPSY), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 tell | punct |
| 2 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 4 tell | discourse |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Oh | punct |
| 4 | tell | tell | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 gipsy | det |
| 6 | gipsy | gipsy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 tell | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 tell | punct |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 tell | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Lord | det |
| 10 | Lord | Lord | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 said | nsubj |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 tell | ccomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 cheat | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 cheat | punct |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 19 whomsoever | mark |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 trade | nmod:poss |
| 16 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 whomsoever | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 whomsoever | cop |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 whomsoever | case |
| 19 | whomsoever | whomsoever | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 cheat | advcl |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 take | nsubj |
| 21 | take | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres Typo=Yes VerbForm=Fin | 19 whomsoever | acl:relcl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 steal | cc |
| 23 | steal | steal | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres Typo=Yes VerbForm=Fin | 21 take | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 whomsoever | punct |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 cheat | nsubj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 he | punct |
| 27 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 30 cheat | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 then | punct |
| 29 | shall | shall | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 cheat | aux |
| 30 | cheat | cheat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 said | ccomp |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 perjure | cc |
| 32 | perjure | perjure | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 cheat | conj |
| 33 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 32 perjure | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 tell | punct |
| 35 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 tell | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert in a quote | imperative | you not said here | the gipsy | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent gipsy=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the Lord | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | GIPSY's trade | whomsoever | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | take in a quote | present | GIPSY | whomsoever not said here | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whomsoever=Theme | ||||
| 5 | steal in a quote | present | GIPSY not said here | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | cheat in a quote | shall | GIPSY | then | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 7 | perjure in a quote | infinitive | GIPSY not said here | GIPSY | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | trade in a quote | GIPSY | nom trade «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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