Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 3, sentence 173
So the gipsy took the golden stirrup and began hawking it.
Who acts: gipsy · What happens: take, begin, hawk · To what, where: golden stirrup, stirrup
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gipsy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 took | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 gipsy | det |
| 3 | gipsy | gipsy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 took | nsubj |
| 4 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 stirrup | det |
| 6 | golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 stirrup | amod |
| 7 | stirrup | stirrup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 took | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 began | cc |
| 9 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 took | conj |
| 10 | hawking | hawk | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 began | xcomp |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 hawking | obj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | past | the gipsy | the golden stirrup | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stirrup=Theme | ||||
| 2 | begin | past | the gipsy not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | hawk | gerund | the gipsy not said here | stirrup | vn berry-13.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/3/173/