Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 3, sentence 38
Once there lived a peasant who had a good dog, and as the dog grew old it left off barking and guarding the yard and the storehouses: its master would no longer nourish it, so the dog went into the wood and lay under a tree to die.
Who acts: peasant, dog, master · What happens: live, have, grow, leave off, bark, guard · To what, where: peasant, good dog, yard, DOG, wood, tree
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peasant, dog, master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | SCONJ | _ | 3 lived | mark |
| 2 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 3 lived | expl |
| 3 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 peasant | det |
| 5 | peasant | peasant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lived | obj |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 had | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 peasant | acl:relcl |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 dog | det |
| 9 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 dog | amod |
| 10 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 had | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 grew | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 grew | cc |
| 13 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 16 grew | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 dog | det |
| 15 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 grew | nsubj |
| 16 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lived | conj |
| 17 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 grew | xcomp |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 left | nsubj |
| 19 | left | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 grew | conj |
| 20 | off | off | ADP | _ | 19 left | compound:prt |
| 21 | barking | bark | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 left | advcl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 guarding | cc |
| 23 | guarding | guard | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 barking | conj |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 yard | det |
| 25 | yard | yard | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 guarding | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 storehouses | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 storehouses | det |
| 28 | storehouses | storehouse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 left | conj |
| 29 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 35 nourish | punct |
| 30 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 master | nmod:poss |
| 31 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 nourish | nsubj |
| 32 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 nourish | aux |
| 33 | no | no | ADV | _ | 34 longer | advmod |
| 34 | longer | long | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 35 nourish | advmod |
| 35 | nourish | nourish | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 storehouses | acl:relcl |
| 36 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 nourish | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 went | punct |
| 38 | so | so | ADV | _ | 41 went | advmod |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 dog | det |
| 40 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 went | nsubj |
| 41 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 nourish | conj |
| 42 | into | into | ADP | _ | 44 wood | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 wood | det |
| 44 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 went | obl |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 lay | cc |
| 46 | lay | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 nourish | conj |
| 47 | under | under | ADP | _ | 49 tree | case |
| 48 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 49 tree | det |
| 49 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 lay | obl |
| 50 | to | to | PART | _ | 51 die | mark |
| 51 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 46 lay | advcl |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | a peasant | there | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme peasant=Location | ||||
| 2 | have | past | a peasant | a good dog | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient | ||||
| 3 | grow | past | the dog | old property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | leave off | past | DOG | the storehouses conj | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | bark | gerund | DOG not said here | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | guard | gerund | DOG not said here | the yard | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yard=Beneficiary | ||||
| 7 | nourish | would | DOG's master | DOG | long property | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | |||
| 8 | go | past | the dog | the wood | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into wood=Initial_Location | ||||
| 9 | lay | infinitive | DOG's master not said here | a tree | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent under tree=Destination | ||||
| 10 | die | to-infinitive | DOG's master not said here | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/3/38/