Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 3, sentence 48
“Look at me,” said the bear, and he began to claw the ground with his paws.
Who acts: bear, foal · What happens: look, say, begin · To what, where: claw · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bear, foal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Look | punct |
| 2 | Look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 said | ccomp |
| 3 | at | at | ADP | _ | 4 me | case |
| 4 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 Look | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Look | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Look | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 bear | det |
| 9 | bear | bear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | nsubj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 began | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 began | cc |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 began | nsubj |
| 13 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | parataxis |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 claw | mark |
| 15 | claw | claw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 began | obj |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 ground | det |
| 17 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 began | obj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 paws | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 paws | nmod:poss |
| 20 | paws | paw | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 began | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look in a quote | infinitive | at the bear = bear | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at i=Theme | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the bear | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | begin | past | foal | claw | with foal's paws; the ground obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/3/48/