Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 3, sentence 93
Then the guests heard the noise, laid hold of a stick and began to beat him.
Who acts: guests · What happens: hear, begin, beat, hold · To what, where: noise, guest, stick
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 3. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (guests), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 guests | det |
| 3 | guests | guest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 noise | det |
| 6 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 hold | punct |
| 8 | laid | laid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 hold | amod |
| 9 | hold | hold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 noise | appos |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 stick | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 stick | det |
| 12 | stick | stick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 hold | nmod |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 began | cc |
| 14 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | conj |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 beat | mark |
| 16 | beat | beat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 began | xcomp |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 beat | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | the guests | the noise | then | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer noise=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | begin | past | the guests not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | beat | to-infinitive | the guests not said here | guest | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location he=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hold | a stick | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/3/93/