Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 30, sentence 103
“It is forty years I have been pasturing on these fields; not one bird has ever flown by, not one wild beast has ever rambled by.”
Who acts: youth, forty years · What happens: be, pasture, fly by, ramble · To what, where: forty years, fields, one bird, one wild beast
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (youth, forty years), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 pasturing | punct |
| 2 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 years | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 years | cop |
| 4 | forty | forty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 years | nummod |
| 5 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 pasturing | nsubj |
| 6 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 pasturing | nsubj |
| 7 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 pasturing | aux |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 9 pasturing | aux |
| 9 | pasturing | pasture | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 fields | case |
| 11 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 12 fields | det |
| 12 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 pasturing | obl |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 flown | punct |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 15 one | advmod |
| 15 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 bird | nummod |
| 16 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 flown | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 flown | aux |
| 18 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 19 flown | advmod |
| 19 | flown | fly | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 pasturing | parataxis |
| 20 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 flown | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 rambled | punct |
| 22 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 beast | advmod |
| 23 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 25 beast | nummod |
| 24 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 beast | amod |
| 25 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 rambled | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 rambled | aux |
| 27 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 28 rambled | advmod |
| 28 | rambled | ramble | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 flown | conj |
| 29 | by | by | ADP | _ | 28 rambled | obl |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 pasturing | punct |
| 31 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 pasturing | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a in a quote | present | youth | forty years | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | pasture in a quote | present · perfect · progressive | forty years | this fields | I nsubj | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on field=Destination | |||
| 3 | fly by in a quote | present · perfect · passive | one bird | ever | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | ramble in a quote | present · perfect · passive | one wild beast | ever | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/30/103/