Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 30, sentence 11
The maidens came out of the sea and went on shore: eleven of them struck the earth, turned into birds and flew home: one was left alone, the eldest—Vasilísa the Wise.
Who acts: maidens, eleven · What happens: come out, go, strike, turn, fly, leave · To what, where: sea, shore, earth, one
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (maidens, eleven), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 maidens | det |
| 2 | maidens | maiden | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 came | nsubj |
| 3 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | out | out | ADP | _ | 7 sea | case |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 sea | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 sea | det |
| 7 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 came | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 went | cc |
| 9 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 10 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 shore | case |
| 11 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 went | obl |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 16 struck | punct |
| 13 | eleven | eleven | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 struck | nsubj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 them | case |
| 15 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 eleven | nmod |
| 16 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 came | conj |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 earth | det |
| 18 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 struck | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 turned | punct |
| 20 | turned | turn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 earth | acl |
| 21 | into | into | ADP | _ | 22 birds | case |
| 22 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 turned | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 flew | cc |
| 24 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 struck | conj |
| 25 | home | home | ADV | _ | 24 flew | advmod |
| 26 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 29 left | punct |
| 27 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 29 left | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 left | aux:pass |
| 29 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 struck | conj |
| 30 | alone | alone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 left | xcomp |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 eldest | punct |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 eldest | det |
| 33 | eldest | eld | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 16 struck | advcl |
| 34 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 Vasilísa | punct |
| 35 | Vasilísa | Vasilísa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 eldest | obl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 Wise | det |
| 37 | Wise | Wise | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 Vasilísa | appos |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come out | past | the maidens | the sea | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient sea=Result | ||||
| 2 | go | past | the maidens not said here | shore | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on shore=Location | ||||
| 3 | strike | past | eleven of maidens | the earth | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent earth=Patient | ||||
| 4 | turn | participle | the earth not said here | into birds result | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into bird=Result | ||||
| 5 | fly | past | eleven of maidens not said here | home property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | leave | past · passive | one | alone property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/30/11/