Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 30, sentence 114
“Ho, _bátyushka_, have you seen a shepherd with a little lamb passing by?”
Who acts: little lamb · What happens: see, pass by · To what, where: Ho
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little lamb), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Ho | punct |
| 2 | Ho | Ho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 bátyushka | punct |
| 4 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 5 bátyushka | punct |
| 5 | bátyushka | bátyushka | X | Foreign=Yes | 2 Ho | appos |
| 6 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 5 bátyushka | punct |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Ho | punct |
| 8 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 seen | aux |
| 9 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 10 seen | nsubj |
| 10 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 shepherd | det |
| 12 | shepherd | shepherd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 seen | obj |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 lamb | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 lamb | det |
| 15 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 lamb | amod |
| 16 | lamb | lamb | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 shepherd | nmod |
| 17 | passing | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 lamb | acl |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 passing | fixed |
| 19 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 10 seen | punct |
| 20 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 seen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see in a quote | present · perfect · passive | Ho | you nsubj; a shepherd obj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | pass by in a quote | gerund | a little lamb not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/30/114/