Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 30, sentence 35
In the morning Iván Tsarévich awoke, and when he looked out it was all done: there were no ravines and no crevasses, and the field was as flat as the palm of his hand, and the rye on it was red and so lofty that a jackdaw might hide in it.
Who acts: Iván, jackdaw, ravines, field, rye · What happens: awake, look out, do, be, hide · To what, where: ground
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, jackdaw, ravines, field), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 morning | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 morning | det |
| 3 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 awoke | obl |
| 4 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 awoke | nsubj |
| 5 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Iván | flat |
| 6 | awoke | awake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 done | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 done | cc |
| 9 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 looked | advmod |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 looked | nsubj |
| 11 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 done | advcl |
| 12 | out | out | ADP | _ | 11 looked | compound:prt |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 done | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 done | aux:pass |
| 15 | all | all | ADV | _ | 16 done | advmod |
| 16 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 awoke | parataxis |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 19 were | punct |
| 18 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 19 were | expl |
| 19 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 awoke | conj |
| 20 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 21 ravines | det |
| 21 | ravines | ravine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 were | nsubj |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 crevasses | cc |
| 23 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 24 crevasses | det |
| 24 | crevasses | crevasse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 ravines | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 flat | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 flat | cc |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 field | det |
| 28 | field | field | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 flat | nsubj |
| 29 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 flat | cop |
| 30 | as | as | ADV | _ | 31 flat | advmod |
| 31 | flat | flat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 awoke | conj |
| 32 | as | as | ADP | _ | 34 palm | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 palm | det |
| 34 | palm | palm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 flat | obl |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 hand | case |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 hand | nmod:poss |
| 37 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 palm | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 red | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 red | cc |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 rye | det |
| 41 | rye | rye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 red | nsubj |
| 42 | on | on | ADP | _ | 43 it | case |
| 43 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 41 rye | nmod |
| 44 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 red | cop |
| 45 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 awoke | parataxis |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 48 lofty | cc |
| 47 | so | so | ADV | _ | 48 lofty | advmod |
| 48 | lofty | lofty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 red | conj |
| 49 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 53 hide | mark |
| 50 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 51 jackdaw | det |
| 51 | jackdaw | jackdaw | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 hide | nsubj |
| 52 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 53 hide | aux |
| 53 | hide | hide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 48 lofty | advcl |
| 54 | in | in | ADP | _ | 55 it | case |
| 55 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 hide | obl |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 awoke | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | awake | past | Iván | morning | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | look out | past | jackdaw | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | do | past · passive | ground | all property | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | be | past | no ravines and no crevasses | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | past | the field | as the palm of jackdaw's hand; flat property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is | past | the rye on ground | red property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | be | the rye on ground not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 8 | hide | might | a jackdaw | ground | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in it=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/30/35/