Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 30, sentence 97
Iván Tsarévich leapt down from his horse, put his ear to the ground, and said, “I hear the talk of people, and the tramp of horses.”
Who acts: Iván, I, people · What happens: leapt down, put, say, hear, talk · To what, where: ear, talk · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, I, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 leapt | nsubj |
| 2 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Iván | flat |
| 3 | leapt | leapt | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | down | down | ADV | _ | 3 leapt | advmod |
| 5 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 horse | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 horse | nmod:poss |
| 7 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 leapt | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 put | punct |
| 9 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 leapt | conj |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 ear | nmod:poss |
| 11 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 put | obj |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 ground | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 ground | det |
| 14 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 put | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 said | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 said | cc |
| 17 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 leapt | parataxis |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 hear | punct |
| 19 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 hear | punct |
| 20 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 hear | nsubj |
| 21 | hear | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 said | ccomp |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 talk | det |
| 23 | talk | talk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 hear | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 people | case |
| 25 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 talk | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 tramp | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 tramp | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 tramp | det |
| 29 | tramp | tramp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 leapt | parataxis |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 horses | case |
| 31 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 tramp | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 29 tramp | punct |
| 33 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 tramp | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leapt down | past | Iván | from noise's horse; the tramp of horses parataxis; down property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | put | infinitive | Iván not said here | noise's ear | to the ground | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent ear=Goal | |||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||||
| 4 | hear in a quote | present | I | the talk of people | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer talk=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | talk in a quote | people | nom talk «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/30/97/