Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 32, sentence 83
If I die, or am killed, you will know by this knife dripping blood.
Who acts: I, you, knife · What happens: die, kill, know, drip · To what, where: blood
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 32. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, you, knife), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 3 die | mark |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 die | nsubj |
| 3 | die | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 know | advcl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 killed | punct |
| 5 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 killed | cc |
| 6 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 killed | aux:pass |
| 7 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 die | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 die | punct |
| 9 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 11 know | nsubj |
| 10 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 know | aux |
| 11 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 knife | case |
| 13 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 14 knife | det |
| 14 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 know | obl |
| 15 | dripping | drip | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 knife | acl |
| 16 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 dripping | obj |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 know | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | die a condition, not said to happen | present | I | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | kill | present · passive | I not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | |||||
| 3 | know | future | you | by this knife | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 4 | drip | gerund | this knife not said here | blood | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location blood=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/32/83/