Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 32, sentence 91
Then the Prince went up the hill, went half-way up; and, as he went along, he heard a voice: “Hold him, seize him, grip him!”
Who acts: Prince · What happens: go up, go, go along, hear, hold, seize · To what, where: hill, way, voice, Prince · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 32. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prince), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 went | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Prince | det |
| 3 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 went | nsubj |
| 4 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 7 hill | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 hill | det |
| 7 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 went | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 went | punct |
| 9 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 went | conj |
| 10 | half | half | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 12 way | advmod |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 half | punct |
| 12 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 went | obl |
| 13 | up | up | ADV | _ | 12 way | advmod |
| 14 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 heard | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 heard | cc |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 and | punct |
| 17 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 went | mark |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 went | nsubj |
| 19 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 heard | advcl |
| 20 | along | along | ADV | _ | 19 went | advmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 went | punct |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 heard | nsubj |
| 23 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 went | conj |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 voice | det |
| 25 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 heard | obj |
| 26 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 28 Hold | punct |
| 27 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 Hold | punct |
| 28 | Hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 heard | ccomp |
| 29 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 Hold | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 seize | punct |
| 31 | seize | seize | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 Hold | conj |
| 32 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 seize | obj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 grip | punct |
| 34 | grip | grip | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 28 Hold | parataxis |
| 35 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 grip | obj |
| 36 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 34 grip | punct |
| 37 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 28 Hold | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go up | past | the Prince | the hill | then | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient hill=Extent | |||
| 2 | go | past | the Prince not said here | way | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | go along | past | Prince | along property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | hear | past | Prince | a voice | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | hold in a quote | infinitive | Prince | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||||
| 6 | seize in a quote | infinitive | Prince | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | |||||
| 7 | grip in a quote | infinitive | Prince | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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