Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 33, sentence 90
So the Tsars and Tsarévichi, the Kings and Korolévichi, were turning back, when the master came to meet them and said: “Oh ye good folk, one of my ducks has gone: has any one of you taken it?”
Who acts: Tsars, master, ye, one · What happens: turn back, come, meet, say, folk, go · To what, where: guests, good folk · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 33. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsars, master, ye, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 13 turning | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Tsars | det |
| 3 | Tsars | Tsar | PROPN | Number=Plur | 13 turning | nsubj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 Tsarévichi | cc |
| 5 | Tsarévichi | Tsarévichi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Tsars | conj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Kings | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Kings | det |
| 8 | Kings | King | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 Tsarévichi | appos |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 Korolévichi | cc |
| 10 | Korolévichi | Korolévichi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 Tsarévichi | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Tsars | punct |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 turning | aux |
| 13 | turning | turn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 14 | back | back | ADV | _ | 13 turning | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 came | punct |
| 16 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 19 came | mark |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 master | det |
| 18 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 came | nsubj |
| 19 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 turning | parataxis |
| 20 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 meet | mark |
| 21 | meet | meet | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 came | xcomp |
| 22 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 meet | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 said | cc |
| 24 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 came | conj |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 30 folk | punct |
| 26 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 30 folk | punct |
| 27 | Oh | oh | INTJ | _ | 30 folk | discourse |
| 28 | ye | ye | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 30 folk | nsubj |
| 29 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 folk | amod |
| 30 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 taken | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 gone | punct |
| 32 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 37 gone | nsubj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 ducks | case |
| 34 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 ducks | nmod:poss |
| 35 | ducks | duck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 one | nmod |
| 36 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 gone | aux |
| 37 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 30 folk | conj |
| 38 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 39 has | punct |
| 39 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 44 taken | aux |
| 40 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 41 one | det |
| 41 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 has | obj |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 you | case |
| 43 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 41 one | nmod |
| 44 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 said | ccomp |
| 45 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 taken | obj |
| 46 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 13 turning | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 turning | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn back | past · progressive | the Tsars and Tsarévichi and Korolévichi | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | come | past | the master | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | meet | to-infinitive | the master not said here | guests = guest | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | say speech: ask | past | the master not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | folk in a quote | ye | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | go in a quote | present · perfect | one of my ducks | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | take in a quote | present · perfect · passive | good folk | counsel obj | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme it=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/33/90/