Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 34, sentence 120
But just then a terrible enemy was besieging the capital city of that King, and the Cossack saw an incalculable host and array, waved his sword and said, “Self-slaying sword, serve me a service and spill the hostile host.”
Who acts: terrible enemy, Cossack · What happens: besiege, see, wave, say, slay, serve · To what, where: capital city, incalculable host, sword, Cossack, hostile host · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (terrible enemy, Cossack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 8 besieging | cc |
| 2 | just | just | ADV | _ | 8 besieging | advmod |
| 3 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 8 besieging | advmod |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 enemy | det |
| 5 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 enemy | amod |
| 6 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 besieging | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 besieging | aux |
| 8 | besieging | besiege | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 city | det |
| 10 | capital | capital | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 city | amod |
| 11 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 besieging | obj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 King | case |
| 13 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 14 King | det |
| 14 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 city | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 saw | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 saw | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Cossack | det |
| 18 | Cossack | cossack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 saw | nsubj |
| 19 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 besieging | parataxis |
| 20 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 host | det |
| 21 | incalculable | incalculable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 host | amod |
| 22 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 saw | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 array | cc |
| 24 | array | array | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 host | conj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 waved | punct |
| 26 | waved | wave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 saw | conj |
| 27 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 sword | nmod:poss |
| 28 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 waved | obj |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 said | cc |
| 30 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 waved | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 slaying | punct |
| 32 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 slaying | punct |
| 33 | Self | self | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 slaying | compound |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 Self | punct |
| 35 | slaying | slay | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 said | ccomp |
| 36 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 slaying | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 serve | punct |
| 38 | serve | serve | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 slaying | parataxis |
| 39 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 serve | obj |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 service | det |
| 41 | service | service | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 serve | obj |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 spill | cc |
| 43 | spill | spill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 serve | conj |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 host | det |
| 45 | hostile | hostile | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 host | amod |
| 46 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 spill | obj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 besieging | punct |
| 48 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 besieging | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | besiege | past · progressive | a terrible enemy | the capital city of that King | then | tree rules | |||
| 2 | see | past | the Cossack | a incalculable host and array | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer host=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | wave | past | the Cossack not said here | Cossack's sword | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Patient | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | the Cossack not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | slay in a quote | gerund | sword | Self compound | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Patient | ||||
| 6 | serve in a quote | infinitive | the Cossack = cossack | a service obj | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | spill in a quote | infinitive | the hostile host | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location host=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/34/120/