Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 34, sentence 36
Now the day was ebbing away, and the fair maiden made ready to go back, and was bidding farewell to her father and her sisters, saying, “This is the time I must go back: I was bidden keep to my term.”
Who acts: fair maiden, This, my · What happens: ebb away, make, go back, bid, say, be · To what, where: farewell, time, fair maiden · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fair maiden, This, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 ebbing | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 day | det |
| 3 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 ebbing | obl:unmarked |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 ebbing | aux |
| 5 | ebbing | ebb | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 made | advcl |
| 6 | away | away | ADV | _ | 5 ebbing | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 made | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 made | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 maiden | det |
| 10 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 maiden | amod |
| 11 | maiden | maiden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 made | nsubj |
| 12 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 made | xcomp |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 go | mark |
| 15 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 ready | xcomp |
| 16 | back | back | ADV | _ | 15 go | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 bidding | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 bidding | cc |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 bidding | aux |
| 20 | bidding | bid | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 made | advcl |
| 21 | farewell | farewell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 bidding | obj |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 father | case |
| 23 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 father | nmod:poss |
| 24 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 bidding | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 sisters | cc |
| 26 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 sisters | nmod:poss |
| 27 | sisters | sister | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 father | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 saying | punct |
| 29 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 bidding | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 time | punct |
| 31 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 35 time | punct |
| 32 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 35 time | nsubj |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 time | cop |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 time | det |
| 35 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 saying | obl |
| 36 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 go | nsubj |
| 37 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 go | aux |
| 38 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 time | acl:relcl |
| 39 | back | back | ADV | _ | 38 go | advmod |
| 40 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 43 bidden | punct |
| 41 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 43 bidden | nsubj |
| 42 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 43 bidden | aux:pass |
| 43 | bidden | bid | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 made | parataxis |
| 44 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 43 bidden | xcomp |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 47 term | case |
| 46 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 47 term | nmod:poss |
| 47 | term | term | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 keep | obl |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 43 bidden | punct |
| 49 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ebb away | past · progressive | the fair maiden not said here | now; day | away property | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 2 | make | past | the fair maiden | ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | go back | to-infinitive | the fair maiden not said here | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | bid | past · progressive | the fair maiden not said here | farewell | to serpent's father and serpent's sisters | tree rules | |||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | the fair maiden not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is a in a quote | present | This | the time | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | go back in a quote | must | the fair maiden = maiden | the time not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | bid in a quote | past · passive | the fair maiden = maiden | tree rules | |||||
| 9 | keep in a quote | infinitive | to my term | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 10 | term in a quote | my | nom term «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/34/36/