Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 34, sentence 51
So the Cossack stood in front just to have a little rest, lay down in front of the hayrick and smoked his pipe, went on smoking, smoking, and never saw that a spark had fallen into the hay.
Who acts: Cossack, spark · What happens: stand, have, lay down, smoke, go, not see · To what, where: front, little rest, pipe, smoking, hay · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cossack, spark), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 stood | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Cossack | det |
| 3 | Cossack | cossack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | nsubj |
| 4 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 front | case |
| 6 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stood | obl |
| 7 | just | just | ADV | _ | 9 have | advmod |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 have | mark |
| 9 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 stood | advcl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 rest | det |
| 11 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 rest | amod |
| 12 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 have | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 lay | punct |
| 14 | lay | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 have | conj |
| 15 | down | down | ADV | _ | 14 lay | advmod |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 front | case |
| 17 | front | front | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 lay | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 hayrick | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 hayrick | det |
| 20 | hayrick | hayrick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 front | nmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 smoked | cc |
| 22 | smoked | smoke | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | conj |
| 23 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 pipe | nmod:poss |
| 24 | pipe | pipe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 smoked | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 went | punct |
| 26 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | conj |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 28 smoking | case |
| 28 | smoking | smoking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 went | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 smoking | punct |
| 30 | smoking | smoking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 smoking | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 saw | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 saw | cc |
| 33 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 34 saw | advmod |
| 34 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 stood | conj |
| 35 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 39 fallen | mark |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 spark | det |
| 37 | spark | spark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 fallen | nsubj |
| 38 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 fallen | aux |
| 39 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 34 saw | ccomp |
| 40 | into | into | ADP | _ | 42 hay | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 hay | det |
| 42 | hay | hay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 fallen | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 stood | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | past | the Cossack | front | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in front=Location | ||||
| 2 | have | to-infinitive | the Cossack not said here | a little rest | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rest=Patient | ||||
| 3 | lay down | infinitive | the Cossack not said here | front of the hayrick | down property | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in front=Destination | |||
| 4 | smoke | past | the Cossack not said here | Cossack's pipe | vn eat-39.1-1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent pipe=Source | ||||
| 5 | go | past | the Cossack not said here | smoking and smoking | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on smoking=Location | ||||
| 6 | not see | past | the Cossack not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 7 | fall | past · perfect | a spark | into the hay result | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into hay=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/34/51/