Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 34, sentence 60
The Cossack was frightened and had no notion what he should do or what should come to him.
Who acts: Cossack · What happens: frighten, have, do, come · To what, where: Cossack, notion
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cossack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Cossack | det |
| 2 | Cossack | cossack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 frightened | aux:pass |
| 4 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 had | cc |
| 6 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 frightened | conj |
| 7 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 8 notion | det |
| 8 | notion | notion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 had | obj |
| 9 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 12 do | obj |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 do | nsubj |
| 11 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 do | aux |
| 12 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 notion | acl:relcl |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 come | cc |
| 14 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 16 come | nsubj |
| 15 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 come | aux |
| 16 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 do | conj |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 come | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 frightened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | frighten | past · passive | the Cossack | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | have | past | no notion | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent notion=Patient | |||||
| 3 | do | should | Cossack | no notion | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | come | should | Cossack | what nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to he=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/34/60/