Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 34, sentence 73
So the Cossack stayed for a very, very long time in the tin castle, until he became wearied unto death: it might be a joke, but he was always alone and could never exchange as much as a whisper with anybody.
Who acts: Cossack, affair · What happens: stay, weary, be, not exchange · To what, where: tin castle, Cossack, joke, much
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cossack, affair), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 4 stayed | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Cossack | det |
| 3 | Cossack | cossack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stayed | nsubj |
| 4 | stayed | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 11 time | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 time | det |
| 7 | very | very | ADV | _ | 10 long | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 very | punct |
| 9 | very | very | ADV | _ | 10 long | advmod |
| 10 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 time | amod |
| 11 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stayed | obl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 castle | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 castle | det |
| 14 | tin | tin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 castle | compound |
| 15 | castle | castle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stayed | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 wearied | punct |
| 17 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 20 wearied | mark |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 wearied | nsubj |
| 19 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 wearied | aux:pass |
| 20 | wearied | weary | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 stayed | conj |
| 21 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 22 death | case |
| 22 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 wearied | obl |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 28 joke | punct |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 joke | nsubj |
| 25 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 joke | aux |
| 26 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 28 joke | cop |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 joke | det |
| 28 | joke | joke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 stayed | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 alone | punct |
| 30 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 alone | cc |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 alone | nsubj |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 alone | cop |
| 33 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 34 alone | advmod |
| 34 | alone | alone | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 stayed | conj |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 exchange | cc |
| 36 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 38 exchange | aux |
| 37 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 38 exchange | advmod |
| 38 | exchange | exchange | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 stayed | conj |
| 39 | as | as | ADV | _ | 40 much | advmod |
| 40 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 exchange | obj |
| 41 | as | as | ADP | _ | 43 whisper | case |
| 42 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 whisper | det |
| 43 | whisper | whisper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 much | nmod |
| 44 | with | with | ADP | _ | 45 anybody | case |
| 45 | anybody | anybody | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 43 whisper | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 stayed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stay | past | the Cossack | the tin castle | time | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in castle=Location | |||
| 2 | weary | past · passive | Cossack | unto death | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | is a | might | affair | a joke | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | past | Cossack | alone, always property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | not exchange | could | the Cossack not said here | much | as a whisper with anybody | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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