Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 34, sentence 98
May be long, may be short, at last they arrived at the kingdom named: the king saw his daughter and was overjoyed, began expressing his thanks and gave the Cossack sacks full of gold and pearls: but the doughty youth answered him, “I desire neither gold nor pearls, give me as a remembrance of you simply the keg which is lying in your cellar.”
Who acts: palace, king, Cossack, doughty youth, keg · What happens: be, arrive, name, see, overjoy, begin · To what, where: last, daughter, thanks, Cossack, gold, keg · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (palace, king, Cossack, doughty youth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | May | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 long | aux |
| 2 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 3 long | cop |
| 3 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 short | punct |
| 5 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 short | aux |
| 6 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 7 short | cop |
| 7 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 long | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 arrived | punct |
| 9 | at | at | ADP | _ | 10 last | case |
| 10 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 arrived | obl |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 arrived | nsubj |
| 12 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 short | advcl |
| 13 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 kingdom | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 kingdom | det |
| 15 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 arrived | obl |
| 16 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 arrived | xcomp |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 20 saw | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 king | det |
| 19 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 saw | nsubj |
| 20 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 long | conj |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 daughter | nmod:poss |
| 22 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 saw | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 overjoyed | cc |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 overjoyed | aux:pass |
| 25 | overjoyed | overjoy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 saw | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 began | punct |
| 27 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 saw | conj |
| 28 | expressing | express | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 began | xcomp |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 thanks | nmod:poss |
| 30 | thanks | thanks | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 expressing | obj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 gave | cc |
| 32 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 began | conj |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 Cossack | det |
| 34 | Cossack | cossack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 sacks | nsubj |
| 35 | sacks | sack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 gave | ccomp |
| 36 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 sacks | xcomp |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 gold | case |
| 38 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 full | obl |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 pearls | cc |
| 40 | pearls | pearl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 gold | conj |
| 41 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 46 answered | punct |
| 42 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 answered | cc |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 youth | det |
| 44 | doughty | doughty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 youth | amod |
| 45 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 answered | nsubj |
| 46 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 began | parataxis |
| 47 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 answered | obj |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 desire | punct |
| 49 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 51 desire | punct |
| 50 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 51 desire | nsubj |
| 51 | desire | desire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 46 answered | parataxis |
| 52 | neither | neither | DET | PronType=Neg | 53 gold | det |
| 53 | gold | gold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 desire | obj |
| 54 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 55 pearls | cc |
| 55 | pearls | pearl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 gold | conj |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 give | punct |
| 57 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 51 desire | conj |
| 58 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 57 give | iobj |
| 59 | as | as | ADP | _ | 61 remembrance | case |
| 60 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 61 remembrance | det |
| 61 | remembrance | remembrance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 give | obl |
| 62 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 you | case |
| 63 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 61 remembrance | nmod |
| 64 | simply | simply | ADV | _ | 66 keg | advmod |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 keg | det |
| 66 | keg | keg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 give | obl |
| 67 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 69 lying | nsubj |
| 68 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 69 lying | aux |
| 69 | lying | lie | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 66 keg | acl:relcl |
| 70 | in | in | ADP | _ | 72 cellar | case |
| 71 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 72 cellar | nmod:poss |
| 72 | cellar | cellar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 lying | obl |
| 73 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 long | punct |
| 74 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 long | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | may | long property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is | may | short property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | arrive | past | palace | last | at the kingdom | tree rules | |||
| 4 | name | participle | palace not said here | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | see | past | the king | king's daughter | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer daughter=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | overjoy | past · passive | the king not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | begin | past | the king not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 8 | express | gerund | the king not said here | king's thanks | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thanks=Theme | ||||
| 9 | give | past | the king not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | sack | present | the Cossack | full property | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 11 | answer speech: assert | past | the doughty youth | Cossack | tree rules | ||||
| 12 | desire in a quote | present | the doughty youth = youth | neither gold nor pearls | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot gold=Theme | ||||
| 13 | give in a quote | infinitive | the doughty youth = youth not said here | the keg | the doughty youth = youth | as a remembrance of you | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme | ||
| 14 | lie in a quote | present · progressive | the keg | your cellar | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cellar=Location | ||||
| 15 | remember in a quote | you | nom remembrance «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/34/98/