Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 35, sentence 13
“Old man,” the master answered, “why should I not be heavy?—it is God’s gift.
Who acts: Old man, master · What happens: answer, not be, be · To what, where: gift · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 35. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old man, master), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 man | punct |
| 2 | Old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 man | amod |
| 3 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 answered | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 man | punct |
| 5 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 man | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 master | det |
| 7 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 answered | nsubj |
| 8 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 heavy | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 heavy | punct |
| 11 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 heavy | advmod |
| 12 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 heavy | aux |
| 13 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 heavy | nsubj |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 16 heavy | advmod |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 heavy | cop |
| 16 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 answered | ccomp |
| 17 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 16 heavy | punct |
| 18 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 gift | punct |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 gift | nsubj |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 gift | cop |
| 21 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 gift | nmod:poss |
| 22 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 21 God | case |
| 23 | gift | gift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 answered | conj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 answered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | answer speech: ask | past | Old man | the master nsubj | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | not is in a quote | should | Old man = man | heavy property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | master | God's gift | God nmod:poss | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/35/13/