Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 35, sentence 170
So he went on singing by himself, and again the two voices were heard.
Who acts: merchant · What happens: go, sing, hear · To what, where: two voices
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 35. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 3 went | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 went | nsubj |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | SCONJ | _ | 5 singing | mark |
| 5 | singing | sing | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 went | advcl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 himself | case |
| 7 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 5 singing | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 heard | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 heard | cc |
| 10 | again | again | ADV | _ | 15 heard | advmod |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 voices | det |
| 12 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 voices | nummod |
| 13 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 heard | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 heard | aux:pass |
| 15 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 went | conj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | merchant | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | sing speech: express | gerund | merchant not said here | by merchant | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by himself=Location | ||||
| 3 | hear | past · passive | the two voices | again | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/35/170/