Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 35, sentence 87
Once again the old man came to the poor peasant and said: “Listen, master, have you sown your corn this year?”
Who acts: old man, you · What happens: come, say, listen, sow · To what, where: corn · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 35. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 2 again | advmod |
| 2 | again | again | ADV | _ | 6 came | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 man | det |
| 4 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 man | amod |
| 5 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 came | nsubj |
| 6 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 peasant | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 peasant | det |
| 9 | poor | poor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 peasant | amod |
| 10 | peasant | peasant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 came | obl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 said | cc |
| 12 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 came | conj |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 Listen | punct |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 Listen | punct |
| 15 | Listen | listen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 said | ccomp |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 master | punct |
| 17 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 Listen | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 sown | punct |
| 19 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 sown | aux |
| 20 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 21 sown | nsubj |
| 21 | sown | sow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 15 Listen | advcl |
| 22 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 corn | nmod:poss |
| 23 | corn | corn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 sown | obj |
| 24 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 25 year | det |
| 25 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 sown | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 15 Listen | punct |
| 27 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 Listen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the old man | again | to the poor peasant | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to peasant=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | the old man not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | listen in a quote | infinitive | master conj | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | sow in a quote | present · perfect | you | your corn | year | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent corn=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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