Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 36, sentence 100
Once there lived an old man and an old dame, and they only had one little son, and you can’t imagine how they loved him.
Who acts: merchants, you · What happens: live, have, not imagine, love · To what, where: old man, one little son, man
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchants, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 3 lived | advmod |
| 2 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 lived | advmod |
| 3 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 man | det |
| 5 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 man | amod |
| 6 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lived | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 dame | cc |
| 8 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 dame | det |
| 9 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 dame | amod |
| 10 | dame | dame | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 man | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 had | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 had | cc |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 had | nsubj |
| 14 | only | only | ADV | _ | 15 had | advmod |
| 15 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 lived | conj |
| 16 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 son | nummod |
| 17 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 son | amod |
| 18 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 had | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 imagine | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 imagine | cc |
| 21 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 24 imagine | nsubj |
| 22 | ca | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 imagine | aux |
| 23 | n’t | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 imagine | advmod |
| 24 | imagine | imagine | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 had | conj |
| 25 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 27 loved | advmod |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 loved | nsubj |
| 27 | loved | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 imagine | ccomp |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 loved | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lived | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | a old man and a old dame | there | once property | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme man=Location | |||
| 2 | have | past | merchants = merchant | one little son | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient | ||||
| 3 | not imagine | can | you | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | love | past | merchants = merchant | man | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/36/100/