Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 36, sentence 150
So at last she looked up and saw Iváshechko, and began to gnaw at the oak-tree on which he was sitting, and gnawed and gnawed, broke two of her front teeth, and went to the smithy.
Who acts: WOMAN, Iváshechko · What happens: look up, see, begin, gnaw, sit, break · To what, where: Iváshechko, oak tree, two, smithy
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (WOMAN, Iváshechko), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 5 looked | advmod |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 3 last | case |
| 3 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 So | obl |
| 4 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 looked | nsubj |
| 5 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 looked | compound:prt |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 saw | cc |
| 8 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 looked | conj |
| 9 | Iváshechko | Iváshechko | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 saw | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 began | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 began | cc |
| 12 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 looked | parataxis |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 gnaw | mark |
| 14 | gnaw | gnaw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 began | xcomp |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 19 tree | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 tree | det |
| 17 | oak | oak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 tree | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 oak | punct |
| 19 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 gnaw | obl |
| 20 | on | on | ADP | _ | 21 which | case |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 sitting | obl |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 sitting | nsubj |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 sitting | aux |
| 24 | sitting | sit | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 tree | acl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 gnawed | punct |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 gnawed | cc |
| 27 | gnawed | gnaw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 began | conj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 gnawed | cc |
| 29 | gnawed | gnaw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 gnawed | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 broke | punct |
| 31 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 began | conj |
| 32 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 broke | obj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 teeth | case |
| 34 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 35 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 teeth | amod |
| 36 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 two | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 went | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 went | cc |
| 39 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 looked | conj |
| 40 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 smithy | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 smithy | det |
| 42 | smithy | smithy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 went | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look up | past | WOMAN | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | see | past | WOMAN not said here | Iváshechko | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer iváshechko=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | begin | past | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 4 | gnaw | to-infinitive | at the oak tree | vn chew-39.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at tree=Patient | |||||
| 5 | sit | past · progressive | Iváshechko | the oak tree | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on which=Location | ||||
| 6 | gnaw | participle | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | gnaw | participle | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | break | past | two of WOMAN's front teeth | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer two=Patient | |||||
| 9 | go | past | WOMAN not said here | the smithy | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to smithy=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/36/150/