Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 36, sentence 160
He looked up and saw geese and swans flying; he asked them:
Who acts: Iváshechko, swans · What happens: look up, see, fly, ask · To what, where: geese
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iváshechko, swans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 looked | nsubj |
| 2 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 looked | compound:prt |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 saw | cc |
| 5 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 looked | conj |
| 6 | geese | goose | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 saw | obj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 swans | cc |
| 8 | swans | swan | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 geese | conj |
| 9 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 swans | acl |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 12 asked | punct |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 asked | nsubj |
| 12 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 looked | conj |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 asked | obj |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 2 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look up | past | Iváshechko | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | see | past | Iváshechko not said here | geese and swans | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer goose=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | fly | gerund | swans not said here | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | ask speech: ask | past | Iváshechko | geese = goose | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/36/160/