Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 36, sentence 38
Sorrow bade the peasant lift up the stone, and he aided him in the work.
Who acts: Sorrow bade, bade · What happens: lift up, aid · To what, where: stone, Hodge, work
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sorrow bade, bade), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sorrow | sorrow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 bade | compound |
| 2 | bade | bade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 lift | nsubj |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 peasant | det |
| 4 | peasant | peasant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 lift | nsubj |
| 5 | lift | lift | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 lift | compound:prt |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 stone | det |
| 8 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 lift | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 aided | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 aided | cc |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 aided | nsubj |
| 12 | aided | aid | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 lift | parataxis |
| 13 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 aided | obj |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 work | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 work | det |
| 16 | work | work | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 aided | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 lift | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift up | present | Sorrow bade | the stone | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme | ||||
| 2 | aid | past | bade | Hodge | the work | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Beneficiary |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/36/38/