Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 38, sentence 59
The horse was so tired that it could not resist him any more, but spoke in a human voice: “Father Katomá, leave me some life, and I will come down to earth and whatever you will I will do.”
Who acts: horse, I, you · What happens: be, not resist, speak, leave, come down, do · To what, where: sheet, human voice, me, earth, whatever · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 38. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, I, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 horse | det |
| 2 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 tired | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 tired | cop |
| 4 | so | so | ADV | _ | 5 tired | advmod |
| 5 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 resist | mark |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 resist | nsubj |
| 8 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 resist | aux |
| 9 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 10 resist | advmod |
| 10 | resist | resist | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 tired | advcl |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 resist | obj |
| 12 | any | any | ADV | _ | 13 more | advmod |
| 13 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 10 resist | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 spoke | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 16 spoke | cc |
| 16 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 tired | parataxis |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 voice | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 voice | det |
| 19 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 voice | amod |
| 20 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 spoke | obl |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 leave | punct |
| 22 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 26 leave | punct |
| 23 | Father | Father | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 leave | vocative |
| 24 | Katomá | Katomá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Father | flat |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 Father | punct |
| 26 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 spoke | parataxis |
| 27 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 leave | obj |
| 28 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 29 life | det |
| 29 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 leave | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 come | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 come | cc |
| 32 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 34 come | nsubj |
| 33 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 come | aux |
| 34 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 leave | conj |
| 35 | down | down | ADV | _ | 34 come | advmod |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 37 earth | case |
| 37 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 come | obl |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 do | cc |
| 39 | whatever | whatever | PRON | PronType=Rel | 44 do | obj |
| 40 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 44 do | nsubj |
| 41 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 do | aux |
| 42 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 44 do | nsubj |
| 43 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 do | aux |
| 44 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 come | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 tired | punct |
| 46 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 tired | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the horse | tired property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | not resist | could | horse | sheet | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | past | a human voice | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | leave in a quote | infinitive | me | Father vocative; some life obj | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent i=Theme life=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | come down in a quote | future | I | earth | down property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to earth=Initial_Location | |||
| 6 | do in a quote | future | you | whatever | I nsubj | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whatever=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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