Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 38, sentence 73
Iván Tsarévich went up to the horse, laid his hand on its back, put his foot into the stirrup, and the magical horse stood there as though he were made of stone, and never pricked an ear.
Who acts: Iván, magical horse · What happens: go up, lay, put, stand, make, not prick · To what, where: hand, back, foot, stirrup, Iván, ear
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 38. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, magical horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Iván | Iván | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 went | nsubj |
| 2 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Iván | flat |
| 3 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 went | compound:prt |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 horse | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 horse | det |
| 7 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 went | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 laid | punct |
| 9 | laid | lay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 hand | nmod:poss |
| 11 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 laid | obj |
| 12 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 back | case |
| 13 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 back | nmod:poss |
| 14 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 laid | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 put | punct |
| 16 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 laid | advcl |
| 17 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 foot | nmod:poss |
| 18 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 put | obj |
| 19 | into | into | ADP | _ | 21 stirrup | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 stirrup | det |
| 21 | stirrup | stirrup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 put | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 stood | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 stood | cc |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 horse | det |
| 25 | magical | magical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 horse | amod |
| 26 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 stood | nsubj |
| 27 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 28 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 27 stood | advmod |
| 29 | as | as | ADV | _ | 27 stood | advmod |
| 30 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 33 made | mark |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 made | nsubj |
| 32 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 made | aux:pass |
| 33 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 stood | advcl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 stone | case |
| 35 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 made | obl |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 pricked | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 pricked | cc |
| 38 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 39 pricked | advmod |
| 39 | pricked | prick | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 went | conj |
| 40 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 ear | det |
| 41 | ear | ear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 pricked | obj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go up | past | Iván | to the horse | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | lay | past | Iván not said here | Iván's hand | horse's back | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hand=Theme on back=Destination | |||
| 3 | put | infinitive | Iván not said here | Iván's foot | the stirrup | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent foot=Goal | |||
| 4 | stand | past | the magical horse | there | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | make | past · passive | Iván | of stone | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 6 | not prick | past | Iván not said here | a ear | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ear=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/38/73/