Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 39, sentence 45
“Stay, herd,” said Katomá, “whither are you driving the cattle?”
Who acts: Katomá, you · What happens: stay, say, be · To what, where: herd · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 39. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Katomá, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Stay | punct |
| 2 | Stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 said | ccomp |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 herd | punct |
| 4 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 Stay | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 Stay | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 Stay | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | Katomá | Katomá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | nsubj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 driving | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 driving | punct |
| 11 | whither | whither | ADV | PronType=Int | 14 driving | advmod |
| 12 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 driving | cop |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 14 driving | nsubj |
| 14 | driving | drive | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 said | ccomp |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 cattle | det |
| 16 | cattle | cattle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 driving | obj |
| 17 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 14 driving | punct |
| 18 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 driving | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stay in a quote | infinitive | herd | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | Katomá | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | is in a quote | present | you | the cattle obj; drive, whither property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/39/45/