Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 39, sentence 94
I told you you must not make any exclamations: this is the preface of the tale, and there comes another after it.”
Who acts: I, you, this · What happens: tell, not make, be, come · To what, where: you, exclamations, preface, another · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 39. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, you, this), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 told | nsubj |
| 2 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 2 told | iobj |
| 4 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 7 make | nsubj |
| 5 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 make | aux |
| 6 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 make | advmod |
| 7 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 told | ccomp |
| 8 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 9 exclamations | det |
| 9 | exclamations | exclamation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 make | obj |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 preface | punct |
| 11 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 14 preface | nsubj |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 preface | cop |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 preface | det |
| 14 | preface | preface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 exclamations | nmod |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 tale | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 tale | det |
| 17 | tale | tale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 preface | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 comes | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 comes | cc |
| 20 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 21 comes | expl |
| 21 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 told | ccomp |
| 22 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 comes | obj |
| 23 | after | after | ADP | _ | 24 it | case |
| 24 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 comes | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 comes | punct |
| 26 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 comes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | I | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | not make | must | you | any exclamations | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent exclamation=Product | ||||
| 3 | is a | present | this | the preface | of the tale | tree rules | |||
| 4 | come | present | another | there | after preface | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location another=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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